Redshift connector

The Redshift connector allows querying and creating tables in an external Amazon Redshift cluster. This can be used to join data between different systems like Redshift and Hive, or between two different Redshift clusters.

Requirements

To connect to Redshift, you need:

• Network access from the Trino coordinator and workers to Redshift. Port 5439 is the default port.

Configuration

To configure the Redshift connector, create a catalog properties file in etc/catalog named, for example, redshift.properties, to mount the Redshift connector as the redshift catalog. Create the file with the following contents, replacing the connection properties as appropriate for your setup:

connector.name=redshift
connection-url=jdbc:redshift://example.net:5439/database
connection-user=root
connection-password=secret

Connection security

If you have TLS configured with a globally-trusted certificate installed on your data source, you can enable TLS between your cluster and the data source by appending a parameter to the JDBC connection string set in the connection-url catalog configuration property.

For example, on version 2.1 of the Redshift JDBC driver, TLS/SSL is enabled by default with the SSL parameter. You can disable or further configure TLS by appending parameters to the connection-url configuration property:

connection-url=jdbc:redshift://example.net:5439/database;SSL=TRUE;

For more information on TLS configuration options, see the Redshift JDBC driver documentation.

Multiple Redshift databases or clusters

The Redshift connector can only access a single database within a Redshift cluster. Thus, if you have multiple Redshift databases, or want to connect to multiple Redshift clusters, you must configure multiple instances of the Redshift connector.

To add another catalog, simply add another properties file to etc/catalog with a different name, making sure it ends in .properties. For example, if you name the property file sales.properties, Trino creates a catalog named sales using the configured connector.

General configuration properties

The following table describes general catalog configuration properties for the connector:

Property name	Description	Default value
case-insensitive-name-matching	Support case insensitive schema and table names.	false
case-insensitive-name-matching.cache-ttl		1m
case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file	Path to a name mapping configuration file in JSON format that allows Trino to disambiguate between schemas and tables with similar names in different cases.	null
case-insensitive-name-matching.refresh-period	Frequency with which Trino checks the name matching configuration file for changes.	0 (refresh disabled)
metadata.cache-ttl	Duration for which metadata, including table and column statistics, is cached.	0 (caching disabled)
metadata.cache-missing	Cache the fact that metadata, including table and column statistics, is not available	false
metadata.cache-maximum-size	Maximum number of objects stored in the metadata cache	10000
write.batch-size	Maximum number of statements in a batched execution. Do not change this setting from the default. Non-default values may negatively impact performance.	1000

Procedures

• system.flush_metadata_cache()

  Flush JDBC metadata caches. For example, the following system call flushes the metadata caches for all schemas in the example catalog

  USE example.myschema;
  CALL system.flush_metadata_cache();

Case insensitive matching

When case-insensitive-name-matching is set to true, Trino is able to query non-lowercase schemas and tables by maintaining a mapping of the lowercase name to the actual name in the remote system. However, if two schemas and/or tables have names that differ only in case (such as "customers" and "Customers") then Trino fails to query them due to ambiguity.

In these cases, use the case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file catalog configuration property to specify a configuration file that maps these remote schemas/tables to their respective Trino schemas/tables:

{
  "schemas": [
    {
      "remoteSchema": "CaseSensitiveName",
      "mapping": "case_insensitive_1"
    },
    {
      "remoteSchema": "cASEsENSITIVEnAME",
      "mapping": "case_insensitive_2"
    }],
  "tables": [
    {
      "remoteSchema": "CaseSensitiveName",
      "remoteTable": "tablex",
      "mapping": "table_1"
    },
    {
      "remoteSchema": "CaseSensitiveName",
      "remoteTable": "TABLEX",
      "mapping": "table_2"
    }]
}

Queries against one of the tables or schemes defined in the mapping attributes are run against the corresponding remote entity. For example, a query against tables in the case_insensitive_1 schema is forwarded to the CaseSensitiveName schema and a query against case_insensitive_2 is forwarded to the cASEsENSITIVEnAME schema.

At the table mapping level, a query on case_insensitive_1.table_1 as configured above is forwarded to CaseSensitiveName.tablex, and a query on case_insensitive_1.table_2 is forwarded to CaseSensitiveName.TABLEX.

By default, when a change is made to the mapping configuration file, Trino must be restarted to load the changes. Optionally, you can set the case-insensitive-name-mapping.refresh-period to have Trino refresh the properties without requiring a restart:

case-insensitive-name-mapping.refresh-period=30s

Non-transactional INSERT

The connector supports adding rows using INSERT statements </sql/insert>. By default, data insertion is performed by writing data to a temporary table. You can skip this step to improve performance and write directly to the target table. Set the insert.non-transactional-insert.enabled catalog property or the corresponding non_transactional_insert catalog session property to true.

Note that with this property enabled, data can be corrupted in rare cases where exceptions occur during the insert operation. With transactions disabled, no rollback can be performed.

Querying Redshift

The Redshift connector provides a schema for every Redshift schema. You can see the available Redshift schemas by running SHOW SCHEMAS:

SHOW SCHEMAS FROM redshift;

If you have a Redshift schema named web, you can view the tables in this schema by running SHOW TABLES:

SHOW TABLES FROM redshift.web;

You can see a list of the columns in the clicks table in the web database using either of the following:

DESCRIBE redshift.web.clicks;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM redshift.web.clicks;

Finally, you can access the clicks table in the web schema:

SELECT * FROM redshift.web.clicks;

If you used a different name for your catalog properties file, use that catalog name instead of redshift in the above examples.

Type mapping

Type mapping configuration properties

The following properties can be used to configure how data types from the connected data source are mapped to Trino data types and how the metadata is cached in Trino.

Property name	Description	Default value
unsupported-type-handling	Configure how unsupported column data types are handled: IGNORE, column is not accessible. CONVERT_TO_VARCHAR, column is converted to unboundedVARCHAR. The respective catalog session property isunsupported_type_handling.	IGNORE
jdbc-types-mapped-to-varchar	Allow forced mapping of comma separated lists of data types to convert to unbounded VARCHAR

SQL support

The connector provides read access and write access to data and metadata in Redshift. In addition to the globally available and read operation statements, the connector supports the following features:

• INSERT
• DELETE
• TRUNCATE
• sql-schema-table-management

SQL DELETE

If a WHERE clause is specified, the DELETE operation only works if the predicate in the clause can be fully pushed down to the data source.

ALTER TABLE

The connector does not support renaming tables across multiple schemas. For example, the following statement is supported:

ALTER TABLE catalog.schema_one.table_one RENAME TO catalog.schema_one.table_two

The following statement attempts to rename a table across schemas, and therefore is not supported:

ALTER TABLE catalog.schema_one.table_one RENAME TO catalog.schema_two.table_two

ALTER SCHEMA

The connector supports renaming a schema with the ALTER SCHEMA RENAME statement. ALTER SCHEMA SET AUTHORIZATION is not supported.